Thermodynamics - Theory & Concepts - Thermodynamics Cycle

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter. It is fundamental in designing engines, HVAC systems, and power plants.

Open the complete lesson

Interactive engineering simulation

Thermodynamics PV Cycle & Heat Engine Simulator

Select standard thermodynamic cycle profiles (Carnot, Otto, Brayton). Adjust compression ratios, gas parameters, and temperature limits to analyze efficiency.

Cycle Configuration

Compression Ratio (r)6.5

2.0–15.0

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Source Temp. Max (TH)850 K

400–1200

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Sink Temp. Min (TC)300 K

200–380

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Specific Heat Ratio (γ)1.40

1.20–1.67

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Cycle Thermal Efficiency Formula

\eta_{Carnot} = 1 - \frac{T_C}{T_H}

The Carnot cycle represents the absolute maximum theoretical efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between TH and TC. Larger compression/pressure ratios yield higher overall cycle thermal efficiency.

Heat input (Qin)

13,227.8 J

Net Work output (Wnet)

8,559.2 J

Engine Efficiency (η)

64.7 %

Carnot Max Limit (ηmax)

64.7 %

Model scope and verification

Use the displayed units and idealizations, then verify the governing balance or compatibility equation before interpreting the result.

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