Thermodynamics - Theory & Concepts - Ideal Gas

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter. It is fundamental in designing engines, HVAC systems, and power plants.

Open the complete lesson

Interactive engineering simulation

Ideal Gas Piston Simulator

Study thermodynamics using a movable piston chamber. Experience kinetic theory as molecules buzz and collide with boundaries at speeds proportional to temperature.

Gas Species

Amount of Gas (n)1.5 mol

mol

0.2–4.0

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Absolute Temperature (T)300 K

200–700

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Chamber Volume (V)0.025 m³

m³

0.005–0.200

Drag for exploration or enter an exact value. Press Enter to apply; Escape restores the current value.

Governing Formulas

Ideal Gas State Equation

P \cdot V = n \cdot R \cdot T \implies P = \frac{n R T}{V}

Root-Mean-Square Velocity

v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3 R T}{M}}

Pressure (P)

149.65 kPa

Gas Mass Density

1.680 kg/m³

Model scope and verification

Use the displayed units and idealizations, then verify the governing balance or compatibility equation before interpreting the result.

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