Beam-Column Design Procedure

Procedure

  1. Obtain required axial force and moments from a permitted structural/stability analysis, including required second-order effects.
  2. Determine available axial strength PcP_c and available flexural strengths McxM_{cx} and McyM_{cy} from the applicable member-strength provisions.
  3. Select the applicable Chapter H interaction equation.
  4. Evaluate the interaction with second-order required moments.
  5. Verify bracing, connections, drift/serviceability, and seismic-system requirements separately.

Example 1: Higher Axial-Ratio H1 Interaction

A W14x90 in compression has Pr=400 kipsP_r=400\text{ kips}, Mrx=250 kip-ftM_{rx}=250\text{ kip-ft}, Pc=1000 kipsP_c=1000\text{ kips}, and Mcx=574 kip-ftM_{cx}=574\text{ kip-ft}. Assume the moments already include required second-order effects and there is no y-axis moment.

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Example 2: Lower Axial-Ratio H1 Interaction

A beam-column has Pr=45 kipsP_r=45\text{ kips}, Mrx=150 kip-ftM_{rx}=150\text{ kip-ft}, Pc=500 kipsP_c=500\text{ kips}, and Mcx=265 kip-ftM_{cx}=265\text{ kip-ft}.

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Example 3: What P-Delta Means

A story carries total vertical load PP while its floor level translates laterally by Δ\Delta.

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Example 4: B1 Member-Curvature Amplification

For an LRFD approximate second-order check, let Pr=600 kipsP_r=600\text{ kips}, Pe1=2000 kipsP_{e1}=2000\text{ kips}, Cm=0.90C_m=0.90, and first-order nontranslation moment Mnt=180 kip-ftM_{nt}=180\text{ kip-ft}. There is no translation moment in this isolated example.

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Example 5: B2 Story-Translation Amplification

For an LRFD approximate second-order check, the story has ∑Pnt=1200 kips\sum P_{nt}=1200\text{ kips} and elastic sway buckling strength ∑Pe2=6000 kips\sum P_{e2}=6000\text{ kips}. First-order translation moment in the member is Mlt=100 kip-ftM_{lt}=100\text{ kip-ft}.

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Example 6: Combined B1/B2 Required Moment

Use B1=1.20B_1=1.20, Mnt=150 kip-ftM_{nt}=150\text{ kip-ft}, B2=1.25B_2=1.25, and Mlt=100 kip-ftM_{lt}=100\text{ kip-ft}.

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Example 7: Instability Boundary

Suppose an approximate B1 calculation has Pr=1050 kipsP_r=1050\text{ kips} and Pe1=1000 kipsP_{e1}=1000\text{ kips}.

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Example 8: Direct Analysis vs. B1/B2

Two engineers analyze the same frame. Engineer A uses a rigorous second-order model with the Direct Analysis Method requirements. Engineer B uses a permitted approximate second-order B1/B2 procedure.

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Key Takeaways
  • Use available strengths in the interaction equation and required second-order forces/moments on the demand side.
  • P−δP-\delta and P−ΔP-\Delta are distinct member/system deformation effects.
  • B1/B2 is an approximate second-order procedure, not the Direct Analysis Method.
  • A zero or negative amplification denominator signals instability/out-of-scope behavior.
  • Bracing and connection detailing must provide the restraint assumed by the analysis.