Experiment 5: Torque or Moment of a Force — Worked Examples

The examples use signed moments about a chosen fulcrum and show why the perpendicular moment arm—not simply the distance along the beam—controls torque.

Example 1: Torque from a perpendicular force

A downward force of 4.00 N4.00\,\text{N} acts 0.250 m0.250\,\text{m} to the right of a pivot. Determine the torque magnitude.

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Example 2: Force applied at an angle

A 10.0 N10.0\,\text{N} force acts at a point 0.300 m0.300\,\text{m} from the pivot and makes 35.0∘35.0^\circ with the beam. Determine the torque magnitude.

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Example 3: Find the balance position of a second mass

A 150 g150\,\text{g} mass hangs 30.0 cm30.0\,\text{cm} left of a fulcrum. Where should a 225 g225\,\text{g} mass be placed on the right to balance the beam if the beam's own weight acts through the fulcrum?

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Example 4: Determine two unknown pan masses from two balance conditions

The first balance gives m1(30)=m2(20)m_1(30)=m_2(20). After adding a known 50 g50\,\text{g} load to pan 1, the new balance is (m1+50)(18)=m2(16)(m_1+50)(18)=m_2(16). Determine m1m_1 and m2m_2.

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Example 5: Determine meter-stick mass by balancing about an off-center pivot

A meter stick has center of gravity at the 50 cm50\,\text{cm} mark and is supported at 75 cm75\,\text{cm}. A total hanging mass of 100 g100\,\text{g} placed 15 cm15\,\text{cm} to the right of the pivot balances the stick. Determine the stick mass.

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Example 6: Net torque from several loads

About a pivot, a 2.0 N2.0\,\text{N} downward force acts 0.30 m0.30\,\text{m} to the left, a 3.0 N3.0\,\text{N} downward force acts 0.20 m0.20\,\text{m} to the right, and a 1.0 N1.0\,\text{N} downward force acts 0.10 m0.10\,\text{m} to the right. Take counterclockwise as positive.

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Example 7: Percent difference in an experimentally determined pan mass

A torque calculation gives m=151.8 gm=151.8\,\text{g} while a platform balance gives 149.5 g149.5\,\text{g}. Determine percent difference relative to the measured reference mass.

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Example 8: Why the beam should be horizontal

A hanging load acts vertically at a point 0.300 m0.300\,\text{m} from the pivot. If the beam is tilted 10∘10^\circ above horizontal, what fraction of the horizontal-beam torque remains?

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